July 9, 2025

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Professors Zrnić and Mišković Presented the ACE Erasmus+ Project to the Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Belgrade, June 2025 — Professors Nenad Zrnić and Žarko Mišković from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of elgrade, formally introduced the Dean, Prof. Vladimir Popović, to their involvement in the ACE Erasmus+ project (Alliance for Community Engagement in European Higher Education), co-funded by the European Union, a forward-looking European initiative aimed at transforming the role of higher education institutions through strengthened community engagement.

The ACE project (full title: Accelerating Community Engagement in Higher Education) officially began on October 1, 2024, and will run through September 30, 2027. With universities across Europe participating, the project serves as a catalyst for meaningful change by establishing a peer-to-peer learning alliance that empowers academic staff to elevate community engagement into a more strategic and impactful dimension. During the meeting, Prof. Zrnić and Prof. Mišković outlined the project’s core objectives and its significance for both the Faculty and the broader academic community. They emphasized that
ACE seeks to reshape higher education systems by expanding their engagement with local and regional communities and by enhancing the societal impact of academic work. The initiative aims to strengthen the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in addressing pressing societal challenges and to foster a more inclusive, responsive, and interconnected educational ecosystem
across Europe.

Dean Popović expressed strong support for the project, recognizing its alignment with the Faculty’s commitment to innovation, societal responsibility, and international cooperation. He also underlined the importance of active participation in European research and development programs such as Erasmus+, noting their potential to enhance institutional capacity and visibility
on a global scale.

The engagement of professors Zrnić and Mišković in the ACE project reflects the Faculty’s
ongoing efforts to integrate research, teaching, and community service, and positions the
University of Belgrade as a valuable contributor to the evolving landscape of European higher
education.

More at the: https://acecommunity.eu/about/

Results of the Erasmus+ Project BE21SKILLED presented to the Management of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

January 2026
M	T	W	T	F	S	S
	1	2	3	4
5	6	7	8	9	10	11
12	13	14	15	16	17	18
19	20	21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30	31

Hydropower Engineering
1.1.5	Theory of turbomachinery
1.2.5	Pumps
2.1.5	Hydraulic turbines
2.2.5	Design of Pumps, fans and turbo compressors
2.3.5	Fans and turbocompressors
3.1.5	Hydropower plants and equipment
3.2.5	Hydraulic power transmitters
3.3.5	Hydropower measurements
4.1	Skill praxis M - HEN
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

Within this study specialization, the students will obtain: fundamental knowledge in turbomachines; fundamental knowledge in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics; ability to design hydraulic and air systems (application of turbomachines); ability to design and construct turbomachines; knowledge in Computational Fluid Dynamics, scientific flow measurements, and industry flow measurements.

Thermal Science Engineering
1.1.5	Steam boilers elements and equipments
1.2.5	Refrigeration equipment
2.1.5	Steam boiler processing
2.2.5	Refrigeration systems
2.3.5	Air-conditioning fundamentals
3.1.5	Thermal power plants and heat plants
3.2.5	Heat pumps
3.3.5	Air conditioning systems
4.1	Skill praxis M - TTA
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The Thermal Science Engineering study curriculum provides the students with the skills required for Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems design and construction, for work in companies within the field of HVAC&R installations production, assembling, maintenance, and/or exploitation sectors, as well as for research and scientific work.

Material Handling, Constructions and Logistics
1.1.5	Facility layout and industrial logistics
1.2.5	Computer aided design in material handling practice
2.1.5	Structural and stress analysis
2.2.5	Transport and logistic systems design
2.3.5	Conveying and material handling machines
3.1.5	Mining and construction machines
3.2.5	Cranes design
3.3.5	Eco design
4.1	Skill praxis M - TKL
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

Upon the completion of the specialization, students will: acquire proficiency and tools for dealing with the challenges of designing an efficient civil, mining or material handling and transportation system that include various calculation methods and theories, as well as the use of modern CAD software for creating 3D models, technical documentation or Finite Element Analyses (FEA); develop practical and theoretical knowledge and skills in the calculation and design of various types of civil and mining machines and systems: earthmoving machines, various kinds of cranes and excavators, conveyors, factories and warehouses, lifts and elevators, cable cars, and others.

Thermal Power Engineering
1.1.5	Steam turbines 1
1.2.5	Power steam boiler 1
2.1.5	Steam turbines 2
2.2.5	Thermal power plants 1
2.3.5	Gas turbines
3.1.5	Energy planning
3.2.5	Themal power plants 2
3.3.5	Steam generators
4.1	Skill praxis M - TEN
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The educational objectives of the programme are to produce graduates who can apply the principles of science and engineering and are knowledgeable in thermal and mechanical systems. The students are educated to understand and investigate the relationships between thermal processes and thermal power equipment, to apply integrated designs, to communicate effectively and to demonstrate the ability to function in multidisciplinary teams. Their skills include usage of modern engineering tools in design, investigation and analyses of processes, equipment and integral plants.

Weapon Systems
1.1.5	Physics of explosive processes
1.2.5	Flight dynamics and aerodynamic of projectiles
2.1.3	Missile propulsion
2.1.2	Fire control systems
2.2.3	Interior ballistics
2.2.2	Automatic weapons
2.3.2	Missile guidance and control
2.3.3	Projectile design
3.1.3	Artillery weapons design
3.2.5	Missile design and launchers
3.3.3	Terminal ballistics
3.3.2	Optical devices and optoelectronics
4.1	Skill praxis M - SIN
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

Upon a successful completion of the study specialization in Weapon Systems, students will be able to design and develop classical and rocket weapon systems by applying advanced engineering principles and innovative solutions. They will acquire the ability to model, analyse, design, and test critical components of weapon systems, ensuring functionality, reliability, and performance under specified conditions. Graduates will be equipped to identify, analyse, and solve complex engineering problems related to weapon systems through systematic and evidence-based approaches. With advanced technical knowledge and skills, graduates will excel in the defence industry and research and development institutions, driving innovation and contributing to technological advancements. Furthermore, they will exhibit a strong commitment to professional ethics and values, incorporating normative and applied ethics into their engineering practices.

Control Engineering
1.1.5	Computer control
1.2.5	Automatic control
2.1.5	Dynamic systems modelling, identification and simulation
2.2.5	Nonlinear systems 1
2.3.5	Synthesis of linear systems
3.1.5	Fuzzy control systems
3.2.5	Industrial process control
3.3.5	Nonlinear systems 2
4.1	Skill praxis M - SAU
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

After finishing the study specialization in Control Engineering, the graduates will have: the ability to develop the methodologies, algorithms and software for modelling, simulation, control and automation of complex apparatus and systems, and to apply them in different areas; knowledge and skills for the identification, prediction and control of complex systems, and for their applications in different fields of mechanical engineering.

Process Engineering and Environment Protection
1.1.5	Transport phenomena in process industry
1.2.5	Mechanical and hydromechanical operations and equipment
2.1.5	Heat transfer operations and equipment
2.2.5	Biotechnology
2.3.5	Chemical and biochemical operations and reactors
3.1.5	Design, construction and operation of processing systems
3.2.5	Mass transfer operations and equipment
3.3.2	Air pollution control
3.3.3	Waste and wastewater management
4.1	Skill praxis M - PTH
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

Mechanical Engineers who graduate in the specialization area in Process Engineering and Environmental Protection will have knowledge and skills to successfully perform the activities and tasks in the field of: design and development of processes and complex facilities in process and other industries; design of process machines, devices and apparatus; preparation and production management; commissioning of process equipment, process lines and industrial plants; maintenance of technical systems; laboratory measurement, testing and certification of materials, products, machines and apparatus; and research and development in the field of theoretical and practical knowledge in process engineering and environmental protection.

Production Engineering
1.1.5	Manufacturing automation
1.2.5	Industrial robots
2.1.5	Manufacturing systems design
2.2.5	Computer integrated manufacturing systems and technology
2.3.5	Production information systems
3.1.5	New technologies
3.2.5	Quality management
3.3.5	Intelligent manufacturing systems
4.1	Skill praxis M - PRO
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The students graduating from this specialization will have the following specialization-specific learning outcomes: knowledge of production techniques related to a wide spectrum of machine tools, robots and robotic systems, automatic assembly systems, measurement and control machines, flexible manufacturing systems, tools, fixtures and other components and elements; knowledge of a wide range of different production technologies, including machining and assembly processes design and planning; knowledge of production cybernetics including manufacturing processes control systems, cyber-physical manufacturing systems, artificial intelligence in manufacturing, CAD, CAM, CAE systems in products and production design, and informational integration of production enterprises, as well as the ability for their design, development, implementation and maintenance.

Engineering graphics and mechatronics
1.1.5	Constructive processing of curves and surfaces
1.2.5	Constructive geometry and graphics
2.1.5	Engineering condition monitoring
2.2.5	Fundaments of mechanism analysis and synthesis
2.3.5	Applied mechatronics
3.1.5	Engineering graphics and simulations
3.2.5	Application of virtual and augmented reality in mechanical engineering
3.3.5	The aesthetics of 3d modelling
4.1	Skill praxis M - IGM
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The students graduating from this study specialization will have: knowledge on advanced methods and techniques of shaping, constructive processing, presentation – rendering and rapid prototyping of complex three-dimensional space objects in mechanical engineering and other branches of science and technology, including the theory of constructive projective geometry and aesthetics, as well as modern computer methods of practical modelling and display of positional and metric invariants of space using both classical technical documentation and virtual and augmented reality; knowledge on the structural, kinematic and dynamic characteristics of different types of classical mechanisms; knowledge and skills of design, simulation and motion analysis of classic mechanisms, primarily using modern software tools; ability to design modern, highly sophisticated devices and systems using synergy of mechanical engineering, electronics and modern information technologies; ability to model complex machine parts and assemblies using advanced CAD methods, improve the aesthetic characteristics of the modelled forms, present machine parts and assemblies with appropriate assembly and workshop drawings, design and analyse the movements of various types of mechanisms, perform simulation and analysis of the movement of projected mechanisms, present complex three-dimensional forms using methods and techniques of virtual and augmented reality, and install mechatronic systems.

Internal Combustion Engines
1.1.5	Еngine working processes
1.2.5	Mixture formation and combustion in IC engines
2.1.5	IC engine design 1
2.2.5	Internal combustion engine mechatronics
2.3.5	Supercharging of IC engines
3.1.5	IC engine design 2
3.2.5	IC engine testing
3.3.2	Еngine design project
3.3.3	Ecology of mobile power sources
4.1	Skill praxis M - MOT
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The students who graduate from this study specialization will have knowledge for systematic understanding of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) processes and ICE and hybrid power units and powertrains, thermodynamics and heat transfer, fluid mechanics, fuel mixture formation, combustion products formation and combustion chemical kinetics; systematic understanding of reciprocating piston machines components and systems operation and work-flow in system design (forces, loads, strength, tribology); systematic understanding of ICE and hybrid powertrains energy flows, overall efficiency and methods for optimization of the ICE and hybrid power source system components layout and control; critical awareness of current problems and new insights in the field of ICE based power sources – energy efficiency, environmental impact, social impact, maintenance, cost-effectiveness etc; systematic understanding of measurement in mechanical systems, particularly measurement techniques in ICE; systematic understanding of ICE wear, maintenance, reliability and diagnostics. They shall have skills in the design of mechatronic systems (system setup, evaluation of components like sensors, actuators and embedded systems); in designing measurement chains for steady and dynamic measurements in ICE and hybrid powertrain systems with a focus on reciprocating piston machines, organizing and performing testing procedures, evaluation and critical analysis of measurement results; in designing of simulation models and analysis of energy and exergy efficiency of reciprocating piston machines processes (ICE and piston compressors), as well as of hybrid powertrains; in designing, analysis and numerical simulation of ICE charging and mixture formation system; in designing of reciprocating piston machines elements and systems, and performing multi-criterion analysis and evaluation of system design and performance; in analysis and optimization of the internal logistics of ICE and hybrid powertrains maintenance systems, organizing and performing maintenance and diagnostic procedures and in preparing, writing and presenting technical reports.

Motor Vehicles
1.1.5	Modelling of vehicle systems
1.2.5	Vehicle layout, suspension and steering
2.1.5	Vehicle transmission systems
2.2.5	Friction based vehicle systems
2.3.5	Vehicle mechatronics
3.1.5	Vehicle body structure
3.2.5	Vehicle testing
3.3.5	Intelligent vehicle systems
4.1	Skill praxis M - MOV
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

After finishing this study specialization, students will be able to: identify all necessary requirements that vehicle systems must meet during the design and operational phases; analyse existing solutions for vehicle systems and assemblies to apply or modify them for use in another vehicle; determine the loads to which vehicle systems are exposed; apply acquired knowledge through independent design of an appropriate vehicle system for a given design task; have the ability to carry out systematic approach in the process of vehicle’s and/or its components’ development; use modern engineering tools; design machine elements on the basis of reliability; analyse the operation of hybrid and electric vehicles; identify environmentally friendly and modern materials used in vehicle design and manufacturing; understand and implement basic mechatronic systems on the vehicle; organize and perform some of the vehicle testing procedures; analyse the impacts related to vehicle reliability and maintenance.

Mechanical Engineering & Information Technology
1.1.5	С/С++
1.2.5	Object oriented paradigm
2.1.5	Algorithms and data structures
2.2.5	Programmable control systems
2.3.5	Data exquisite in mechanical engineering
3.1.5	Engineering software design
3.2.5	Optimization methods
3.3.5	Numerical methods in continuum mechanics
4.1	Skill praxis M - MIT
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

After graduating from this study specialization, students will be able to: utilize advanced equipment and information technology in a broad range of fields from product development to the design of information services; integrate mechanical engineering, including equipment design, manufacturing, and processing technology, with information engineering; develop new products which consist of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and software; demonstrate the knowledge in products’ manufacturing, control theory, computer control of machines, equipment control, as well as in information-related topics such as knowledge processing, and the Internet; create viable computer models; develop simulation software and the software applications which support enterprise business.

Mechanics
1.1.5	Analytical mechanics
1.2.5	Continuum mechanics
2.1.5	Theory of elasticity
2.2.5	Fluid mechanics 1
2.3.5	Computational fluid mechanics
3.1.5	Mechatronic robotics
3.2.5	Multiphase flow M
3.3.5	Theory of finite element method
4.1	Skill praxis M - MEH
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

After a successful completion of courses, students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge for:

• the design, production and maintenance of rigid mechanical systems, such as ideal mechanisms, robotic systems, mechanical control systems, mechatronics systems;

• the design, production and maintenance of deformable mechanical systems and struc-tural analysis of deformable structures; finite element and vibration analysis of struc-tures;

• the design, production and maintenance of equipment which involves flow processes: pipelines, flow machines, tube transport of fluids and solid materials, multiphase flow; analysis by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Industrial Engineering
1.1.5	Operations research
1.2.5	Engineering statistics
2.1.5	Industrial logistic
2.2.5	Ergonomic designing
2.3.5	Database systems
3.1.5	Production and operations management 2
3.2.5	Organization design
3.3.5	Industrial management
4.1	Skill praxis M - IIE
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The specialization’s curriculum is programmed to provide students with the knowledge and skills required by modern industrial engineers, and specialization-specific outcomes such as: being able to formulate, analyse and solve planning, organizing and management problems in the enterprise; create and apply solutions for the design of organizational systems; apply statistical methods and operational research methods in academic and industrial environments; design and apply risk, quality and maintenance management systems; design ergonomically adjusted machines, tools, products and complex systems; design logistics systems and processes; apply industrial engineering methods in management information systems and design knowledge bases; apply industrial management methods; apply project appraisal methods; apply Lean and 6-Sigma approach; develop effective communication methods and management skills for an individual or a team in a multidisciplinary environment. The graduates are systems, lean, and sustainability thinkers, who have the technological, digital, and transversal skills to face the current and future challenges.

Agricultural and food engineering
1.1.5	Tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines
1.2.5	Refrigeration in food technologies
2.1.5	Design of agricultur machines and equipment
2.2.5	Design of mechanisms and manipulators in the food industry
2.3.5	Drying process techniques and technologies
3.1.5	Software tools in design in mechanical engineering
3.2.5	Geoinformation and remote control of biotechnic systems
3.3.5	Design of plants and process and energy systems
4.1	Skill praxis M - PPM
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

After successfully completing this specialization, the graduates will have: well-rounded knowledge and understanding of mechanical and agricultural engineering principles and practices and their bases in science and mechanics, together with understanding of the global and societal impacts of food technology; capability of designing, constructing, and researching agricultural machinery, facilities, and food processing equipment, as well as maintaining them; ability to adapt to the changing needs of industry and agricultural praxis; ability to impart the essential professional, ethical, and moral values required in engineering practice and food production.

Welding and Welded Structures
1.1.3	Engineering materials 3
1.1.2	Fuel, lubricants and industrial water 2
1.2.5	Design of welded structures
2.1.5	Welding metallurgy
2.2.5	Machine design and construction M
2.3.5	Fracture mechanics and structural integrity
3.1.5	Design, construction and operation of processing systems
3.2.5	Optimization and reliability of constructions
3.3.5	Welding technology
4.1	Skill praxis M - ZZK
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The students graduating from this study specialization will have the following learning outcomes: ability to design welded structures, components or welding processes (including the conventional, unconventional and the related processes) to meet the desired needs; knowledge of contemporary issues in design, evaluation, reliability and structural integrity analyses of welded structures; profound knowledge of engineering materials and their behaviour during exploitation and welding; ability to model, analyse, fabricate and maintain welding structures, components and processes with a special emphasis on non-destructive testing methods and in-service behaviour; ability to carry out failure analysis and welding procedure specifications and to assess the behaviour of welded joints in the conditions of creep, fatigue, friction, wear, and corrosion.

Railway Mechanical Engineering
1.1.5	Rail vehicles 1
1.2.5	Theory of traction
2.1.5	Locomotive 1
2.2.5	Rail vehicles 2
2.3.5	Brakes of rail vehicles
3.1.5	Locomotive 2
3.2.5	Railway vehicles maintenance
3.3.5	Fundamentals of rail vehicle dynamics
4.1	Skill praxis M - ZEM
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

General intended learning outcomes for students, expected after the completion of the Railway Mechanical Engineering specialization, include the following abilities: to explain the basic concepts of functioning of different types of rail vehicles; to apply appropriate regulations and standards in the field of railway mechanical engineering to solve different engineering problems; to use computer techniques, skills and modern engineering software and tools necessary for the development, design, production, testing, and maintenance of rail vehicles; to apply computational methods for determining the main parameters of the dynamic behaviour of the rail vehicles; to analyse and compare tractive characteristics of different types of power transmissions and calculate the key parameters; to solve practical problems of maintenance of railway vehicles related to the organization and implementation of the projected activities, as well as implementation of knowledge in the field of reliability, information and expert systems.

Design in Mechanical Engineering
1.1.5	Structure modelling with calculation
1.2.5	Innovative design of technical systems
2.1.3	Ergonomic design
2.1.2	Bionics in design
2.2.5	Machine design and construction M
2.3.5	Decision-making methods
3.1.5	Software tools in design in mechanical engineering
3.2.5	Optimization methods
3.3.5	Eco design
4.1	Skill praxis M - DUM
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

Every graduate of the Design in Mechanical Engineering programme will be able to: demonstrate knowledge of the engineering design methodology and product development in engineering; identify, analyse, and solve technical problems in the areas of machine design such as ergonomic aspects, ecological aspects, aesthetics; demonstrate knowledge in transformation of biological systems, decision making, calculation and special methods in design application; knowledge in application of experimental results, in using the principles of calculus, and appropriate computer technology; apply creativity in the design of systems, components, or processes.

Aerospace Engineering
1.1.5	Applied aerodynamics
1.2.5	Computational aerodynamics
2.1.5	Structural analysis
2.2.5	Flight dynamics
2.3.5	Composite structures
3.1.5	Aircraft control and systems
3.2.5	Aircraft propulsion
3.3.5	Aircraft design
4.1	Skill praxis M - VAZ
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The goals of the Aerospace Engineering programme are:

to provide comprehensive aeronautical engineering education that develops in students the fundamental skills necessary for the design, analysis, synthesis and research of aircraft, spacecraft and other high technology flight systems, and
to prepare students for various professions in aeronautical engineering and related fields by developing in them the attributes needed to make significant contributions to the society and to the engineering community, both now and in the future.

The educational objectives of the Aerospace Engineering programme are to produce graduates whose expected acquired skills, competences and knowledge should be sufficient to ensure their successful careers in industry, private practice or government, or to enable them to pursue advanced postgraduate studies. Graduates of this department will be skilled practitioners who apply their knowledge and technical skills to solve relevant engineering problems both in the aeronautical or related professions.

Naval Architecture
1.1.5	Ship resistance
1.2.5	Ship strength 1
2.1.5	Ship propulsion
2.2.5	Ship buoyancy and stability 2
2.3.5	Ship structures 2
3.1.5	Ship design
3.2.5	Seakeeping
3.3.3	Marine engines
3.3.2	Application of methods and techniques of industrial engineering in shipbuilding
4.1	Skill praxis M - BRO
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The main goal of this study specialization is to provide advanced education and graduate engineers qualified to work successfully in the field related to various aspects of ships. The students graduating from this study specialization shall have knowledge in ship geometry, hydrostatics and stability; ship structures and strength, including numerical methods in ship structural design; ship hydrodynamics (resistance, propulsion, manoeuvring and seakeeping); computer aided ship design; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applied to ship hydrodynamics; ship equipment and systems; high speed crafts; aero-hydrodynamics of sailing vessels; ship production; etc. They will be fully skilled for the design, construction, and/or repair of ships and boats, including: merchant ships (oil/gas tankers, cargo ships, bulk carriers, container ships), passenger/vehicle ferries, high speed craft, yachts (power boats and other recreational craft), various kinds of floating structures, etc.

Biomedical Engineering
1.1.5	Spectroscopy methods and techniques
1.2.5	Biomedical instrumentation and equipment
2.1.5	Clinical engineering
2.2.3	Biomechanics of tissue and organs
2.2.2	Introduction to nanotechnology
2.3.5	Signal processing
3.1.5	Nanotechnology
3.2.5	Early diagnostics
3.3.5	Nanomedical engineering
4.1	Skill praxis M - BMI
4.3	Course of M.Sc. thesis
4.4	M.Sc. thesis

The educational programme at the department of Biomedical Engineering provides students with the analytical tools to understand how biological systems operate and to apply engineering principles to resolve medical and biological problems. Through mandatory and elective MSc courses, students gain knowledge in different fields such as tissue mechanics, signal processing, biomedical devices, nanotechnology, and get practical experience in the organization and functioning of the environment in which they will apply their knowledge in the future professional career. Combining theoretical and practical work, students learn to use and maintain modern equipment and perform applied research in biomedical engineering. There is an intensive collaboration between teaching staff of the department of Biomedical Engineering and doctors, biologists, chemists and engineers working in medical facilities and companies, which allow our students to conduct research, improve the existing and develop novel devices, materials and diagnostic methods through their Master’s thesis. Competences of graduates in biomedical engineering include the invention of new methods, device improvement, equipment maintaining and applying information technologies in clinics.